Transformer and its principle or operation

Transformer


Transformer is that electrical machine which transfer electrical energy from one part to another part (i.e primary winding to secondary winding) without changing the frequency of the supply by the use of transformer voltage level can be increased or decreased.





Principle or operation


The winding where input is given is called primary winding and from where output is taken out that winding is called secondary winding.There is no electrical connection to common core.

Voltage available in primary winding is called primary voltage (V1).Similarly voltage in secondary side is called secondary voltage (V2).N1 is the no. of turns in primary and N2 is the no. of turns in secondary.When supply is given to primary side small amount of current circulated in primary winding which produced flux and flux flow towards secondary winding through a core made of silicon steel. The flux in the core made of silicon steel. The flux in the core made of silicon steel.The flux in-the core comes in contact with secondary winding and voltage is induced according to Faraday's law of electro magnetic induced. Voltage level can be increased or decreased by increasing or decreasing no. of turn in secondary side.
If voltage level of secondary side greater than primary side then the transformer is called step up transformer. If the voltage level of secondary side is lower than the primary side than the primary side then the transformer is called step down transformer.